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11/13/24, 7\:33 PM Guide | Reference ranges

Reference ranges

Table of contents

Introduction

Below is a selection of reference ranges for various haematological and biochemical investigations. Always consult with your
local laboratory, as ranges di
for clinical decision making.

Full blood count

Haemoglobin (Hb)\:
β™‚ 130 – 180 g/ L
♀ 115 – 165 g/ L
White cell count (WCC)\:
9
Total\: 3.6 – 11.0 x 10 /L
9
Neutrophils\: 1.8 – 7.5 x 10 /L
9
Lymphocytes\: 1.0 – 4.0 x 10 /L
9
Monocytes\: 0.2 – 0.8 x 10 /L
9
Eosinophils\: 0.1 – 0.4 x 10 /L
9
Basophils\: 0.02 – 0.10 x 10 /L
9
Platelet count\: 140 – 400 x10 /L
Red cell count (RCC)\:
β™‚ 4.5 – 6.5 x 10 12
/L
♀ 3.8 – 5.8 x 10 12
/L
Haematocrit\:
β™‚ 0.40 – 0.54 L/ L
♀ 0.37 – 0.47 L/ L
Mean cell volume (MCV)\: 80 – 100 fL
Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH)\: 27 – 32 pg/cell
Reticulocyte count\: 0.2 – 2%

Coagulation

Prothrombin time (PT)\: 10 – 14 seconds
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)\: 24 – 37 second
Fibrinogen\: 1.50 – 4.50 g/L
D-dimer\: \< 500 ng/mL

Haematinics

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Ferritin\:
β™‚ 25 – 350 ng/mL
♀ 10 – 300 ng/mL
Vitamin B12\: 180 – 1000 pg/mL
Folate\: > 4.0 ng/mL
Total serum iron\:
β™‚ 11.6 – 35.0 ΞΌmol/ L
♀ 4.6 – 30.4 ΞΌmol/ L
Transferrin\: 2.0 – 3.6 g/L
Transferrin saturation\: 20 – 50%
Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)\: 45 – 81 ΞΌmol/ L
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)\:
β™‚ ≀ 49 years\: 1 – 7
β™‚ β‰₯ 50 years\: 2 – 10
♀ ≀ 49 years\: 3 – 9
♀ β‰₯ 50 years\: 5 – 15

Biochemistry

Urea & electrolytes (U&Es)

Na+\: 133–146 mmol/L
K+\: 3.5–5.3 mmol/L
2+
Ca (adjusted)\: 2.2-2.6 mmol/L
2+
Mg \: 0.7–1.0 mmol/L
Chloride\: 98-106 mmol/L
Phosphate\: 0.74 – 1.4 mmol/L
Urea\: 2.5 - 7.8 mmol/L
Creatinine\:
β™‚ 59–104 ΞΌmol/L
♀ 45–84 ΞΌmol/ L

Liver function tests (LFTs)

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)\: 30–130 U/L
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)\:
β™‚ \<41 U/L
♀\<33 U/L
Bilirubin\: \<21 ΞΌmol/L
GGT\:
β™‚ \<60 U/L
♀\<40 U/L
Albumin\: 35–50 g/L
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In

CRP\: \< 5mg/L

Arterial blood gas results

pH\: 7.35 - 7.45
pO \: 11 - 13 kPa (82.5 - 97.5 mmHg)
2
pCO \: 4.7 - 6.0 kPa (35.2 - 45 mmHg)
2
HCO \: 22 - 26 mmol/L
3
Base excess\: (-2 to +2 mmol/L)

Metabolic tests

Serum ketones\: \< 0.6 mmol/L
Fasting blood glucose\: 4.0 to 6.0 mmol/L
Postprandial (2 hours after eating)\: up to 7.8 mmol/L
HbA1c\: \< 42 mmol/mol (6.0%)
Cholesterol\: \< 5 mmol/L
Triglyceride\: 0.55–1.90 mmol/L
LDL\: \< 3mmol/L
HDL\: > 1 mmol/L
Cholesterol/HDL\: \< 4

Endocrinology

TSH\: 0.4–4.0 mU/LΒ²
Free T4\: 9 - 24 pmol/L
Free T3\: 3.5 - 7.8 pmol/L
Parathyroid hormone\: 10 - 65 ng/L
Growth hormone (random)\:
β™‚\< 5 ng/mL
♀\< 10 ng/mL
Cortisol (random)\: 137 - 429 nmol/L
Testosterone\:
Male \<50\: 10-45 nmol/L
Male >50\: 6.2-26 nmol/L
Triglyceride\: 0.55–1.90 mmol/L
LDL\: \< 3mmol/L
HDL\: > 1 mmol/L
Cholesterol/HDL\: \< 4

Other biochemistry tests

Serum total protein\: 60 – 78 g/L
Troponin T\: \< 0.01 Β΅g/L
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Creatine kinase (CK)\:
β™‚ 40–320 U/L
♀ 25–200 U/L
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)\: 240–480 U/L
Lactate (plasma)\: 0.5 - 2.2 mmol/L
Urate\:
β™‚ 200–430 ΞΌmol/L
♀ 140–360 ΞΌmol/L
Amylase\: 28–100 U/L
Ammonia\: 10 – 35 ΞΌmol/L
NT-proBNP\:
\< 75 years\: \< 125 pg/mL
> 75 years\: \< 450 pg/mL
Copper\: 70 – 150 ΞΌg/dL
Ceruloplasmin\: 15 – 60 ΞΌmol/L
Vitamin D\: > 50 nmol/L
Serum osmolality\: 275 – 295 mOsmol/kg
24h urine osmolality\: 500 – 800 mOsm/kg
Random urine osmolality\: 300 – 900 mOsm/kg
12h
24h urine sodium (Na+)\: 100 – 260 mmol/24h
24h urine potassium (K+)\: 25 – 100 mmol/24h
24h urine total protein\: \< 100 mg/24h
Urine pH (random)\: 5 – 7

Tumour markers

Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (bHCG)\: \< 5 mU/mL
Alpha Fetoprotein\: \< 44 ng/mL
Prostate Speci
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)\:
Non-smokers at 50 years\: \< 3.6 ΞΌg/L
Non-smokers at 70 years\: \< 4.1 ΞΌg/L
Smokers\: \< 5 ΞΌg/L
CA-125\: \< 35 U/mL
CA19-9\: \< 40 U/mL

Lumbar puncture results

Appearance\: clear and colourless
White blood cells (WBC)\: 0 - 5 cells/Β΅L
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No neutrophils present, primarily lymphocytes
Normal cell counts do not rule out meningitis or any other pathology
Red blood cells (RBC)\: 0 - 10/mmΒ³
Protein\: 0.15 - 0.45 g/L (or \<1% of the serum protein concentration)
Glucose\: 2.8 - 4.2 mmol/L (or β‰₯ 60% plasma glucose concentration)
Opening pressure\: 10 - 20 cm H O
2

References

1. East Sussex Healthcare Laboratory.
2. British Thyroid Foundation. Thyroid function tests. Available from\: [LINK]
3. Diabetes UK. Blood sugar level ranges. Available from\: [LINK]
Source\: geekymedics.com
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